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Energy Management
Introduction to Energy Management:
Efficient energy management is crucial for sustained improvements in energy performance. Regardless of an organization's size or purpose, effective energy management can be established through a well-structured energy program. This article outlines a 7-step guideline for implementing successful energy management practices.
Energy Audit
Energy Audits and Types: Definition of Energy Audit: An energy audit systematically analyzes energy consumption profiles for buildings and industrial plants. It aims to identify cost-effective energy-saving opportunities.Types of Energy Audits Energy audits are categorised based on audited systems and detail of information collected.
Heat Radiation Modeling
The API Std. 521 guidelines define recommended design thermal radiation levels for personnel exposure. These levels consider factors such as appropriate clothing, exposure time, and emergency scenarios. Designing fire protection measures that align with these criteria ensures the safety of personnel in potentially hazardous environments.
Material Selection Study in Oil and Gas Facilities
Material selection plays a pivotal role in optimizing the capital cost of a plant while ensuring the safety and reliability of system operations. In the context of an oil processing plant, the choice of materials boils down to a critical decision between using carbon or low alloy steel and Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA). Carbon and low alloy steels offer cost advantages in terms of initial capital expenditure. However, they come with associated drawbacks, such as the risk of Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC), accelerated carbon dioxide-induced corrosion, the need for inhibitors to reduce corrosion rates, resulting in higher operational expenses and potential equipment replacements, leading to increased life cycle costs. Conversely, CRA materials, while requiring a higher initial capital investment, offer the advantage of lower operational costs.
Process Selection for LPG Recovery
The Study on "Process Selection for LPG Recovery" explores various techniques for recovering LPG from natural gas and refinery gases. It covers methods like cooling-based processes (Mechanical Refrigeration Unit, Joule-Thomson expansion, Turbo-Expander) and absorption, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The choice of recovery process depends on factors like feed gas composition, operational requirements, and cost considerations, with hybrid approaches offering optimized solutions